Abstract

The Covid-19 pandemic has changed the whole world and it also impact the business environment of whole world. This pandemic witnessed for a worst livelihood of human beings and their profession. This exploratory study targets the entrepreneurship scenario of states of India on the basis of some initiatives taken by the appropriate authorities with the help of some institutions. In India institutions like IIE (Indian Institute of Entrepreneurship), NIESBUD (National Institute of Entrepreneurship and Small Business Development), SIDC (Small Industries Development Corporations), MSME (Micro Small Medium Enterprises) etc continuously pushing entrepreneurs from various aspects and help them to sustain for a longer time period. But from the period 2020 to 2024 the activities started to back on track after the pandemic vanishes. Still some issues are facing by these institutions, and despite of having these they are trying to provide adequate support to entrepreneurs. This study takes only secondary data in account from authorized sources to explore the entrepreneurship scenario after covid-19 and help to know about present status in line with the time. It provide insight towards the initiatives in from of schemes, programs, trainings awareness activities for the entrepreneurs in India through this exploration.

Abstract

The rainfall patterns have been erratic, and spatial and temporal distribution has been noticed in the last few years due to a gradual and adverse change in climate in Tripura. Climate change has adversely affected paddy area coverage, production, and productivity during the Aush and Aman seasons. To combat the climate change situation, the Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) in Tripura has released varieties of rice viz., Gomati Dhan, Tripura Hakuchuk-2, Tripura Nirog, and Tripura Chikan Dhan, which have constituted more than seventy-three percent of the total breeder seed indent from the Government of Tripura. To increase climate change- resilient seed production for paddy in the state of Tripura, the National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development (NABARD)-sponsored FPO has positively impacted paddy seed productivity for the varieties of rice Gomati Dhan and Tripura Nirog. NABARD’s intervention has significantly increased farmers’ income, highlighting its effectiveness in enhancing agricultural profitability and rural livelihoods. The estimated results of the Cobb-Douglas Production Function for Paddy Seed Productivity have suggested that the inputs provided by FPO viz., manure and nitrogen have positively influenced yield or productivity of paddy; therefore, farmers should be encouraged to use balanced organic and chemical fertilisers to sustain soil fertility. Soil testing and precision nutrient management have been promoted. It is also important to enhance labour efficiency through hands-on training with the help of ICAR scientists by FPO because labour input has significantly contributed to productivity. The positive impact of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) suggests that integrated pest control strategies should be expanded, reducing dependency on chemical pesticides and improving sustainability. The seed certification process has needs to be shortened in order to optimise farmers’ profits and expedite approvals. For more storage and processing facilities, post-harvest infrastructure has to be strengthened in order to preserve seed quality and minimise losses. In order to guarantee farmers, receive higher rates for their certified seeds, the FPO has helped them establish direct market linkages.

Abstract

The dominance of a global reserve currency significantly influences economic dynamics, job creation, and geopolitical power. The US dollar has long served as the primary reserve currency, reinforcing American economic stability and global influence. However, the emergence of the BRICS nations (Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa) and their initiative to establish an alternative system presents a potential challenge to this dominance. This paper examines the role of reserve currencies in shaping economic outcomes, with a focus on Asia, and analyzes the implications of a proposed BRICS-led multi-polar barter framework. It further explores how such developments may disrupt the prevailing supremacy of the US dollar and Euro, offering insights into emerging shifts in global economic power and the associated challenges and opportunities.

Abstract

Indian women entrepreneurs have increasingly provided a share to the economic development of India and employment opportunities’ growth. Yet, women entrepreneurs in India today face various barriers due to limited finance accessibility, norms, and society-biased genders. Various initiatives have been stated by the Indian government that empower women entrepreneurs by providing the ambience with proper high- performance orientation. This paper analyses the initiatives undertaken by the government and how these have been working as catalysts to encourage women entrepreneurship in India. This paper reviews the effect of government policies regarding the provision and implementation of services and the main initiatives undertaken to help women entrepreneurs on the economy. The research methodology used here is descriptive in nature by reviewing secondary data, reports, research articles, publications of government, and analyses by industry in an effort to strike a balance while analysing the issue. The implementation of finance schemes, capacity-building programs, and entrepreneurial training provides a more favourable environment for women entrepreneurs. However, the problems still remained, and focused interventions in other areas would have been required to remove the remaining barriers. So that ultimately government policies can support women entrepreneurs in a better way, but there is much to be achieved so that maximum exploitation for long-run prosperity in the Indian economy will come into its effective working condition.

Abstract

The increasing awareness of environmental sustainability has led to a growing demand for eco-friendly products. This study explores the factors influencing consumers’ purchasing decisions and their level of satisfaction with eco-friendly products among the citizens of Gangtok. Using a descriptive research design, primary data was collected from 160 respondents through a structured questionnaire. The study employed percentage analysis, independent t-tests, and ANOVA to analyse the data. Findings reveal that price, product quality, and environmental responsibility significantly impact consumer behaviour. Males exhibit a higher purchasing inclination compared to females, and younger consumers tend to be more satisfied with product safety. The internet serves as the primary source of awareness, and reusable bags and water bottles are the most commonly purchased eco-friendly products. Despite recognizing the benefits of eco-friendly products, consumers express concerns regarding affordability and availability. The study suggests that businesses and policymakers should focus on improving accessibility, affordability, and consumer trust to promote sustainable purchasing behaviour.

Abstract

The study examines the impact of the new income tax regime on housing finance in India, focusing on middle-income groups. Over the past few decades, home loans have made up a significant portion of the overall loans disbursed by financial institutions in India, largely due to an incentive- friendly old tax structure that benefited both bankers and borrowers. The old tax system is losing its strength due to the introduction of a new tax regime, which decreases the total tax payable to assessees. Middle- income salaried segments, comprising a significant portion of India’s 7% taxpayers, often bear the brunt of accumulated direct taxes due to their economic solvency. In the 2025-26 budget, the zero tax ceiling was raised to 1,200,000 INR, and the highest tax bracket was increased to 2,400,001 INR, offering advantages to middle-class service holders. However, the new tax policy is hindering financial institutions’ house lending plans by withdrawing tax incentives, which initially prompted salaried groups to avail themselves of home loans. In doing so, test findings indicate a decline in magnitude of home loans among high-income and middle-income groups, which counterbalances the gains observed for economically weaker and lower-income groups. The study also reveals that middle-income groups are increasingly shifting away from home loans following the introduction of the new tax system.

Abstract

Abstract India is the largest producer of raw jute in the world with a 49.7 percent share in global production in 2021 closely followed by Bangladesh with 48.6 percent share. In 2024, Bangladesh overtook India as the largest producer of Jute in the world based on a report from the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). According to the Economics, Statistics & Evaluation Division, Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare Assam, West Bengal and Bihar together contribute 98.8 percent of total raw jute production during 2023. Assam is a home to more than 4 million small and marginal farmers who contributes 9percent of India’s jute production share. Based on data compiled from Indiastat, Indiastat district, Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Government of Assam and various price policy jute report this study aims at examining the growth in area, production and productivity of jute in Assam. An overall and segregated detailed analysis is carried out for 3 sub-periods, i.e., period-I (1997-98 to 2004-05), period-II (2005-06 to 2013-14) and period- III (2014-15 to 2022-23). The overall compound annual growth rates of area under jute in Assam is negative whereas production and productivity under jute in Assam is positive and statistically significant. The periodic compound annual growth rates of area, production and productivity for period-1 is negative, and for period-II and III it encompasses both positive negative growth rates.

Abstract

India is currently experiencing a favourable demographic situation, with half of its population under the age of thirty years. While this presents a unique opportunity for the country’s growth, harnessing this demographic advantage depends heavily on the education and skill levels of its youth. The present study uses unit level data available from the Periodic Labour Force Survey (PLFS)-2022-23 to assesses the skill level of India’s workforce by categorizing workers into four skill levels according to the National Classification of Occupations, 2015. The findings reveal a concerning scenario, with 90 percent of workers falling into the two lowest skill categories. While urban areas show slightly better results, there remains significant potential for skill development across all communities, age groups, and sectors. Natural Break maps created using GeoDa software highlight a notable variation in the distribution of skilled workers across Indian states with southern and some northern states having a distinct advantage in terms of skilled workforce. The study emphasizes the critical role of skill enhancement and vocational training, both for individual well-being and overall economic growth. Econometric analysis of the data shows that workers with vocational training and higher skill levels earn more compared to their less-skilled counterparts. This underscores the importance of increasing investment in education and training to improve skill levels, thereby fostering inclusive and diffused growth while fully realizing India’s demographic dividend.

Abstract

The present study aims to comprehensively analyze the dynamics of India- China trade from 2006 (the emergence of BRICS) to 2023, focusing on a selected bundle of 10 SITC digit-1 level commodities. Utilizing secondary data, the research employs a few select trade indicators like Revealed comparative advantage (RCA) index, Revealed import dependency (RID) index, Net, Gross and Income terms of trade, Export intensity index (EII), Import intensity index and trade share analysis. The findings of the study reveal a volatile and imbalanced trade relationship between India and China over the study period. India’s export share to China peaked at 4.67% in 2010 but dropped to 1.95% by 2022, while imports from China steadily rose, reaching 13.24% in 2015 with marginal decline thereafter. India’s export intensity with China remained below one, indicating underperformance in exports, while the import intensity was generally above one, showing a stronger reliance on imports, particularly from 2013 to 2019. India’s Net Barter Terms of Trade (NBTT) were consistently favorable, with India gaining more from exports compared to imports, especially in 2016. However, China’s Gross Barter Terms of Trade (GBTT) were more favorable, requiring India to export more for imports. China’s higher Income Terms of Trade (ITT) demonstrated stronger purchasing power. India’s comparative advantage in products like crude materials and animal fats, where China has high import reliance, suggests potential for increased exports to China. On the other hand, India could benefit from importing more machinery and chemicals from China, where China holds a comparative advantage.

Abstract

Conceptually grounded in the Social Cognitive Theory (SCT), the study uniquely investigates the interplay of personal and cognitive factors, environmental factors, and behavioral factors concerning socially responsible investment (SRI) decisions among retail investors. Using advanced statistical analysis, including partial least square structural equation modeling with Smart PLS-SEM v-4.0, the study was conducted on a diversified dataset of 487 Indian retail investors from various demographic backgrounds. The results demonstrate that the nexus of personal and cognitive factors, and environmental factor have a positive influence in driving responsible investment behavior among retail investors. These findings can be instrumental in promoting a more environmentally conscious society by emphasizing the importance of personal convictions in investment decisions, thereby strengthening collective efforts toward sustainable development.

Abstract

Arsenic is a metalloid with compounds that exist in crystalline, powder, or vitreous form. It is a natural component found in the earth’s crust, but industrial waste is a major source of harmful Arsenic compounds. Arsenic contamination in groundwater in North-East India has already been proven to be dangerous regarding its influence on human health. Long- term consumption of arsenic-contaminated water produces arsenicosis, a chronic health disorder caused by prolonged exposure to arsenic above tolerance thresholds. This study aims to outline the actual status of arsenic concentration level of North-Eastern states of India based on a review of literature. Existing studies also reported the presence of arsenic- contaminated groundwater in Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Arunachal Pradesh, Nagaland, and Tripura, and Sikkim. Most of the areas of the North-East Indian states are identified having arsenic concentration level ranges from 50 μg/L to 986 μg/L. The level is distressingly significant when compared to the permissible limits quoted by WHO (World Health Organization) and BIS (Burau of Indian Standard) (10 μg/L and 50 μg/L). Prolonged exposure to arsenic in drinking water can lead to skin lesions, cardiovascular diseases and various cancers including those of the skin. Arsenic-affected people are suffering from income loss, lower productivity, and diminishing ability to work, resulting in strained family relationships.

Abstract

Abstract The study examined the influence of terror attack on the Indian stock market by considering firms constituted under BSE 100 Index. Using event study methodology on daily price data collected from BSE India, the study observed overreaction of the market during the post event days. On event day although the market was on positive side, but a significant negative reaction is observed on immediate next days. The return kept changing showcasing the confused mindset of investors leading to overreaction of the market to the events as a whole.

Abstract

Terracotta is a culture that emphasizes the unification of natural elements with human life. Terracotta pottery is an age-old traditional art of making pottery in India, giving away sustainable entrepreneurship to thousands of people. The presence of craft clusters in rural India is a source of local resource use and non-farm income generation. However, with the growing commercialization and availability of cheap alternative products globally, Terracotta pottery is facing fierce competition. This is aggravated by the restrictions being imposed. Moreover, restrictions have been imposed on the use of traditional kilns as a measure to stop pollution. The ever- growing demand for plastic goods, coupled with nearly two years of pandemic-induced lockdown, has pushed Assam’s terracotta industry to the brink of extinction. Drawing upon primary survey-based findings in a terracotta cluster in rural Assam, this paper delves into the socio-economic dynamics of the community within the terracotta and pottery industry in Asharikandi highlighting both the challenges faced by the artisans and the opportunities within this domain that provides for economic growth and social empowerment in rural Assam.

Abstract

The intersection of art and commerce has long been a subject of debate, but in today’s market-driven world, marketing plays a pivotal role in shaping the visibility and value of contemporary art. This article explores how marketing strategies, branding, and digital advertising influence the perception and sales of contemporary artworks. It examines how artists, galleries, and auction houses leverage social media, influencer partnerships, and traditional advertising to expand their reach and attract collectors. Furthermore, the article considers the ethical implications of commercializing art, addressing the balance between artistic integrity and market demand. By analyzing industry trends, this study highlights the evolving dynamics of art promotion and the growing impact of advertising in transforming creative works from mere canvases into coveted commercial assets.

Abstract

This study examines the impact of taxation policies on entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial activities in India by comparative study with selected OECD countries using secondary data from the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM), OECD’s reports, and various ministries of the Government of India. The study uses multiple regression models to study the impact of corporate tax, tax bureaucracy, and venture capital investment on new business registration. The results indicate that India's complex taxation policy and high compliance costs negatively impact entrepreneurship, although entrepreneurship in India depends on various other factors such as ease of doing business, a favourable political and bureaucratic atmosphere, and advanced infrastructure. This study also revealed that simple, predictable, and favourable taxation policy, low compliance burden, advanced and developed infrastructure, and political stability create a favourable atmosphere for entrepreneurial activities in OECD countries, which promotes entrepreneurial activities.

Abstract

In the age of technological disruptions, it is important for everyone to understand the history of industrial sector development across the world. Metaverse like buzz word are shaping the features of new age technological innovations. In this connection, present exploratory work is based on highlighting the set of dimensions shaping evolving industries and its interlinkages with Industry 4.0. The industrial sector has gone through different revolutions, as this paper has attempted to highlight them. Each industrial revolution has changed the world, from coal and steam power to chemicals, electricity, and steel. Since the Third Industrial Revolution introduced collaboration and decentralisation, firms have changed and emphasised reciprocal partnerships. It expanded financial systems and technologies, helping globalise and introduce modern tools to numerous businesses. Advanced technologies like AI, IoT, and blockchain drove Industry 4.0, the Fourth Industrial Revolution. It revolutionised production and business patterns with automation, smart manufacturing, and interconnection. It generated ethical and societal concerns regarding privacy, data security, and the labour market. Moreover, this study outlined Industry 4.0’s six design principles: decentralisation, virtualization, interoperability, modularity, real-time functionality, and service-centricity. These fundamentals underpin the transition from traditional industry to Industry 4.0. After navigating Industry 4.0’s challenges and opportunities, it becomes clear that this revolution is a fundamental transformation that affects every area of our lives. Informed decision-making and responsible stewardship of these innovative innovations are crucial to the future of industry, economy, and society.

Abstract

Tea is the most widely consumed and reasonably priced beverage available in India. Tea plantation is a large agro-based and labour- intensive industry and the single largest employer in the country, providing work to about a million workers directly. Tea has become one of India’s most important commodities during the past few decades. A Survey was undertaken at Cossipore Tea Estate with a targeted sample of 200 labourers regarding the availability of various welfare facilities as part of an effort to investigate the roles played by management, the government, and labour unions towards labour welfare practices of the Tea industry in Assam. This study speaks about how the management is taking care of workers’ health, safety, and welfare. The welfare, health, and safety precautions provided by the management of tea gardens will immediately impact the workers’ attentiveness, confidence, physical and emotional well-being, and inclusive productivity. The primary data was collected for the study through a structured schedule and face-to-face Emerging Dimensions of Business, Economics, Media and Financial..216 interviews, and the percentage analysis method was used to interpret and analyse the data.

Abstract

Global climate change as in the 21st century, is climate variability characterized by the long-term shift in the temperature, precipitation levels and extreme weather events. It is one of the most concerning global challenges, with severe natural, climatic and socio-economic repercussions. This poses a serious threat to the agricultural productivity as a whole and also challenges the global food security. With the changing global climatic conditions, the crop yields of various staple food crops like paddy, wheat, maize etc. have decreased over the decades. These crops are essential for feeding the majority of the world population. However, with the ever-changing global climatic conditions, the crop yields have reduced drastically in due course of time. The reduction in the crop yields, largely affects the global food security and the SDG 2 due to shortages of food supply, increase in the prices of food and also the market availability of food.

Abstract

This study aims to comprehend the role of entrepreneurs from Northeast India to the "Viksit Bharat 2047" initiative. The study utilized a descriptive research design that incorporated both primary and secondary data sources. The collection of primary data was conducted using a structured questionnaire, while secondary data was gathered from various sources such as websites, journals, books, and government papers. The survey emphasized economic variables and entrepreneurial activities. Data collection was undertaken in July 2024 and included all 53 entrepreneurs from Diphu Town, Karbi Anglong. The process of data analysis entailed the organization of data into tables and the calculation of descriptive statistics such as the mean and percentage. The study illustrates the main features of the entrepreneurial environment, characterized by young, well-educated persons who are primarily involved in manufacturing and operate as sole owners. The dependence on personal funds and restricted availability of external financial assistance indicate that self-reliance is a crucial determinant in the initial phases of business growth. Although many firms operate on a small scale and have a limited number of employees, they play a crucial role in supporting local economies and creating jobs. With continued support and resources, these ventures have the potential for significant growth, highlighting the need for policies that foster access to financial and institutional support for small businesses.

Abstract

Life Insurance business in India has shown growth since the liberalization of economy. The growth in life insurance sector also influences the economic development of a country. The present research paper makes an attempt to analyze the growth of life insurance coverage in India by using insurance density and penetration. It also analyses the new business growth in life insurance products in India. However, challenges such as low purchasing power in rural areas, lack of consumer awareness and education, mis-selling of the life insurance products continue to hinder penetration and density in the Indian life insurance market.

Abstract

This paper explores the prospects and problems faced by the startups in North East India, a region known for its rich cultural diversity and unique geographical characteristics. Despite significant potential driven by abundant natural resources and a growing entrepreneurial spirit, startups in this region encounter various challenges that hinder their growth and sustainability. Through a combination of descriptive and exploratory research methods utilizing secondary data sources, this study identifies key factors influencing the startup ecosystem. These include infrastructural deficiencies, limited access to funding, bureaucratic hurdles, internal conflicts and socio-political instability. By analyzing existing literature, reports, and case studies, the paper provides a comprehensive overview of the startup landscape in North East India. Tables have been used to analyze the data. It has been found from the study that border trade is one of the major prospect of startups as the North-East region is of strategic importance for the country on account of the fact that nearly 98 percent of its borders form India’s international boundaries and the government is also giving priority to the startups with the help of various initiatives such as Start-up India, MUDRA Yojana, Make in India etc so that the youths of this region may earn their own livelihood without being much dependent on the government for jobs.

Abstract

This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the current trends, scope, and challenges associated with green finance in India. It explores the growing importance of sustainable finance in addressing climate change and promoting economic growth. The paper analyzes the various initiatives and policies implemented by the Indian government to foster green finance, including regulations, incentives, and financial instruments. Additionally, it identifies the key challenges hindering the widespread adoption of green finance in India, such as a lack of awareness, limited data availability, and regulatory complexities. The paper concludes by discussing potential solutions and recommendations to overcome these challenges and accelerate the transition towards a sustainable financial system in India.

Abstract

The Goods and Services Tax (GST), implemented in July 2017, marked a significant shift in India’s taxation framework, aiming to unify the country’s complex indirect tax structure. This paper explores the transformative role of GST in reshaping India’s revenue landscape. By replacing multiple cascading taxes with a single streamlined system, GST has improved tax compliance, broadened the tax base, and enhanced revenue collection for both the central and state governments. The mechanism of input tax credit and digital tracking has increased transparency, reducing tax evasion and promoting formalization of the economy. Despite initial challenges during implementation, such as technical glitches and compliance burdens for small businesses, GST has gradually stabilized and demonstrated positive long-term impacts. This abstract provides an overview of how GST has influenced fiscal federalism, increased efficiency in tax administration, and contributed to the overall economic growth of the country by fostering a more robust and integrated revenue system.